Openbuilds LEAD CNC Machine 1010

About the Machine

Openbuilds has shut down and no longer sells this model, but it remains fully supported in Easel for existing owners. The LEAD CNC Machine 1010 has a 730 x 810 x 100 mm (29 x 32 x 4 in) working area, ships without a spindle (OpenBuilds recommended a 65mm compact router, 710W), high-torque NEMA 23 stepper motors, and lead screw drive on all axes.

Cut Settings on this Machine

Every cut starts with one formula: Feed Rate = Spindle Speed (RPM) x Chip Load x Number of Cutting Edges (flutes). Chip load is the thickness of material each cutting edge removes in one revolution of the bit. This number comes from the manufacturer of the bit, which publishes a chip-load chart for each bit diameter and material. Look up your exact bit and material, start from the middle of the published range, and you have the third number in the formula. The chart below shows the recommended spindle speed for each material and bit type.

The LEAD CNC 1010 ships without a spindle: OpenBuilds recommended pairing it with a 65mm compact router (710W), so your actual top RPM depends on that router's own speed dial, most trim routers run somewhere between 10,000 and 30,000 RPM. Lead screw drive and high-torque NEMA 23 steppers give it real rigidity for a machine this size, but at 730 x 810 mm it's still a large gantry to keep from flexing under a deep cut. A truly rigid machine with a powerful spindle can cut as deep as the bit is wide in a single pass, but that takes real spindle torque, a drive train and clamps that hold firm, a gantry that will not flex, and enough mass to soak up vibration. Take shallower passes until you know how this machine and your router handle a given material. Push too deep and the bit deflects and chatters, leaving scalloped edges, or it rubs instead of cutting and burns the material. The fastest way to dial in a cut is to see what has already worked for other people.

Worked example for feed rate: 1/8in (3.175mm) two-flute solid carbide end mill in hard wood. The chart says 16,000 RPM: since this machine ships without a spindle, check your router's plate or speed dial for its actual RPM and use that number instead. With the bit maker's 0.025mm per tooth (0.0010 in): 16,000 x 0.025 x 2 = 800 mm/min (31 in/min) feed. For depth per pass, start shallow and check Community Cut Settings in Easel for what works on this machine. If the cut sounds strained, reduce the depth, not the feed. Slowing the feed below the chip load makes the bit rub instead of cut.

Community Cut Settings shows the spindle speed, feed rate, and depth per pass other makers actually run for your machine, material, and bit.